Putian Intangible Heritage： Awakening Historical Memory and Inheriting Cultural Roots

Putian Woodcarving National Intangible Cultural Heritage Project The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zheng Chunhui, a master of arts and crafts in China.

　　Promote the protection and repair of Xinghua House historical and cultural blocks and Luomutian historical and cultural blocks; Actively introduce and shoot CCTV’s "China (Fujian) in the Intangible Heritage" and polish the intangible business cards such as Millennium woodcarving and Millennium Puxian Opera; We will explore new ways and modes of non-genetic inheritance and protection with "non-heritage+counties", "non-heritage+tourism" and "non-heritage+research", stimulate the strong kinetic energy of cultural tourism integration, and help Putian build a "non-heritage city".

　　As an important inflow place and transit place for the original people to move south in history, Putian Yuanxiao custom, which has 38 non-legacy catalogues at all levels, has completely preserved the cultural heritage of the Central Plains. The skill of beating iron flowers in Jindun Village of Xindu Town originates from the local cast iron smelting industry and is closely related to the production and life of the people. Non-legacy folk customs, such as climbing knives and ladders and jumping on fire, are closely related to the fearless and self-reliant anti-Japanese spirit formed by our ancestors when they resisted the invasion of the Japanese, showing the common values of the group that have continued for hundreds of years. Mazu, the first world heritage in China, believed in folklore in order to carry forward Mazu’s spirit of "moral integrity, good deeds and great love"; Xinghua rice noodles, a provincial intangible cultural heritage, is one of the earliest fast food in the world. During the Northern Song Dynasty, it solved the dining problem of a large number of migrant workers in Mulanbei Xiubei, and so on.

　　Up to now, Putian has one intangible cultural heritage project of mankind-Mazu believing in customs, and 10 national, 63 provincial and 330 municipal intangible cultural heritage representative projects; There are 11 national, 81 provincial and 520 municipal representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage. The intangible cultural heritage projects involve folk literature, traditional music, traditional dance, traditional drama, traditional sports, entertainment and acrobatics, traditional skills, folk customs and other categories, showing a strong charm of local traditional culture.

　　In recent years, relying on the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and other major folk festivals, Putian has deeply explored the cultural connotation of folk customs and non-heritages. Through activities such as "Festival+non-heritages", such as "Putian Lantern Festival, welcoming happiness and making spring", national "non-heritages" Mazu Spring Festival ceremony, and "May Day", Putian non-heritages are spread by taking life as the carrier.

　　On April 22nd, the historical and cultural block of Xinghua House in Putian appeared in CCTV-1 "China in the Intangible Heritage", showing the whole country Putian woodcarving, Puxian Opera, Wrong Gold and Silver, Hanjiang Car Drum, Nine Carp Lantern Dance, Fairy Classical Craft Furniture, Red Tuan making skills, South Shaolin Wushu, Meizhou headdress, Xianyou maple pith fragrance making skills, swallow skin making skills and longan dry traditional baking skills.

　　The after-show effect is also continuing. During the "May 1" period, the historical and cultural block of Xinghua House launched the "Puyang Baigongfang" street, covering more than 20 non-legacy brand pavilions, and held many activities such as cultural scrolls and non-legacy research, attracting tourists from all over the country to punch in, and the number of tourists exceeded 260,000. At the same time, a number of intangible cultural heritage projects, such as Putian woodcarving, are "out of the circle". Putian took the opportunity to carry out the "May Day Punch Putian Intangible Cultural Heritage" activities in various counties and districts, which not only made the neighborhood fire, but also made the intangible cultural heritage projects that were silent in the counties and districts "live" and brought prosperity to the festival cultural tourism consumer market. At the same time, through the cultural and creative production and consumption of "intangible heritage+research" and "intangible heritage+cultural tourism products", intangible heritage can empower the development of cultural tourism industry and shape urban culture. (Reporter Lin Ailing)

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Deduct the beauty of ingenuity with the ultimate strength.

-Comments on the second episode of "China in the Legacy"

Fujian Normal University School of Communication Xie Zonggui Ye Qin

Puxian Opera "China in the Intangible Heritage" is provided.

　　As the first batch of historical and cultural cities in our province, the historical and cultural block of Xinghua House in Putian has a history of thousands of years, and now it has become a non-legacy block because many non-legacy projects in the province have settled here. CCTV’s "China in the Intangible Heritage" is the second gathering place in Jiaofu, and enters the neighborhood where Bamin’s intangible heritage skills are concentrated. With the program form of "tourism+experience", three hosts, Long Yang, Dan Jixiang and Justin, lead the audience to have an interactive and immersive experience and survey the intangible beauty of Fujian.

Beauty of skill

　　The beauty of non-legacy lies in the exquisite craftsmanship. This program shows more than 20 non-legacy skills in Fujian. These projects are briefly introduced, such as Meizhou women’s headdress, southern Shaolin martial arts, nine carp lantern dance and Hanjiang car drum, which gives people a dizzying audio-visual impact; There are also exquisite details, such as Putian wood carving, Fuding white tea, and the watertight compartment technology of Fuchuan, which all leave a deep impression on people.

　　Take the giant woodcarving work The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, created by Putian woodcarving master Zheng Chunhui, as an example. The grand layout of the work is shocking, and the exquisite skills displayed in the exquisite details have conquered the guests and the audience. This woodcarving work, certified by Guinness as the longest in the world, is carved with the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. It adopts techniques such as hollowing out carving, through carving, relief carving and Putian subtle through carving. The street view and river view are distinct, the characters of all colors are vivid, and the streets are noisy. Under the magnification of animation signs and close-ups, the rope with a diameter of only 3 mm is suspended and tightened, and the lines on the surface are fine; The little people in the house are half hidden through the window, which fully shows the beauty of details and superb skills of Putian woodcarving. It is worth mentioning that the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is carved on the other side of the work by the Qing Palace Painting Academy of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, takes relief as the main technique, and exquisite details can be seen everywhere. The two editions of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival are integrated, which embodies the kinship between the two sides of the strait, and it also entrusts the feelings of home and country with the same roots and roots.

The beauty of inheritance

　　Inheritance is a major issue that every intangible skill faces. Even if it is not an ancient gold and silver craft, it has been passed down for four generations. In "China in the Intangible Heritage", we see not only the inheritors who have experienced vicissitudes, but also a large number of young people and even children. They are not bystanders of intangible heritage skills, but participants and future inheritors. In various exhibitions of intangible heritage skills, there are often small actors who are active.

　　Especially in the exhibition section of Puxian Opera, a living fossil of China’s ancient opera art form, it begins with the classic play Da Xi performed by children, and then passes through the humorous one-man show "Holding Dogs in Spring" by young actors, and then the innovative play "Walking on an Umbrella" by young actors and middle-aged actors on the stage of this year’s Spring Festival Evening-the careful combination of lens images makes the inheritance of young people from generation to generation in Puxian Opera come to life, and also makes it possible to inherit some abstract intangible skills. In addition, through the two guests’ hands-on experience of the unique puppet hanging and stepping in Puxian Opera, the audience can better appreciate the subtlety of Puxian Opera.

Beauty of innovation

　　In recent years, a large number of domestic traditional cultural programs have emerged, how to stand out from them? China in the Intangible Heritage firmly grasps the word "innovation", and while telling the story of inheritance, it highlights the innovative development of Fujian’s intangible heritage skills in the contemporary era.

　　The innovation of intangible skills is reflected in the perfect integration of traditional skills such as Putian woodcarving, gold and silver misplacement, and fairy-tale classical furniture with modern technology, and the organic integration of traditional forms such as Puxian Opera and Jiulong Lantern Dance with modern creativity; The puppet in the palm controlled by the artificial intelligence robot arm can perform on the same stage as the puppet controlled by human hands without being inferior; Lacquer painting and peasant painting are combined to express the theme of rural revitalization with great colors; And the watertight compartment technology of Fortune Boat can be applied to the icebreaker "Snow Dragon II" in Antarctic scientific research … All kinds of innovative development or creative transformation of intangible skills in the contemporary era are inseparable from the inheritors’ endless exploration and pursuit of technology, which also shows the ingenuity of Excellence.

　　The coupling innovation of non-legacy skills and contemporary new technologies reflects the endless internal motivation of non-legacy skills, and once again vividly explains that the innovation and development of non-legacy skills is the best inheritance.

Beauty of integration

　　China in the Intangible Cultural Heritage takes the mature program form of "tourism+experience" as the basic framework, but it is not limited to this. It adds the link of "innovative performance" to the three intangible cultural heritage skills, and combines the intangible cultural heritage skills with the dance art, thus realizing the cross-border integration of art.

　　Putian woodcarving show "Carving Xu" and watertight compartment craft show "Sailing" combine live-action dance performances with virtual scenes, and use cutting-edge digital audio-visual technology to help transform ancient intangible skills into trendy art forms. "Carving Xu" shows that under the carving knife, the woodcarving villain has life and dances happily. Wooden bridges, wooden boats, wooden houses, wooden streets and huge carving knives are animated to form a virtual scene of real-life dance, creating a visual spectacle of "people dancing in carving" "Sailing" takes the virtual scene composed of the ocean and the lucky boat as the stage, and what the dancers show is not only the sailing of the ship, but also the braving of people.

　　The combination of ancient intangible skills with cutting-edge digital technology and trendy artistic techniques creates an audio-visual effect that is no less than a movie blockbuster, which can be called an audio-visual feast with rich cultural heritage. And this is exactly what Dan Jixiang said in the program: "We must embrace the world, technology and youth."

　　The second episode of "China in the Intangible Cultural Heritage" uses creative audio-visual means and program forms to make intangible cultural heritage skills that have been passed down for thousands of years "move" and "show", fully demonstrating the unique charm and vitality of Fujian’s intangible cultural heritage skills, showing the endless context of Eight Fujian, and also reflecting Fujian’s emphasis, inheritance and innovation on intangible cultural heritage skills from one side.

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The Integrity and Innovation of Putian’s Intangible Heritage

Professor and doctoral supervisor of Fujian Normal University. Yuan yonglin

The skill of making swallow skins Fang Peiqing made swallow skins. Photo by Xiang Li

Every year, more than 2 million worshippers of Mazu Temple in Meizhou make pilgrimages to Mazu Temple in Meizhou, with a flood of people. The picture shows Mazu’s pilgrimage. Photo by Zhang Ying

Xinghua House Ancient Street Xinghua House Historical and Cultural Street County Lane Dragon Dance She Qihui Photo

　　Putian intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter referred to as "Putian intangible cultural heritage") has the authenticity (that is, the immediacy of works of art) mentioned in Benjamin’s theory. For Puxian Opera, it exists among specific people in a specific period and region, and it is produced and continued to meet the needs of Puxian dialect groups, all of which have a unique personality brand. To truly understand Puxian Opera, we must go to the Puxian area where it was produced to personally feel and experience the local culture, so as to fundamentally understand it.

The uniqueness of Putian’s intangible heritage

　　Putian’s intangible heritage has an aesthetic sense of distance. This sense of distance is reflected in both time and space. For non-legacy projects, it only exists in a specific area at a specific time. For example, according to the local custom, the "Nine Carp Dance" is held only once during the Lantern Festival in the Year of the Loong, that is, it is held only once every 12 years. This uniqueness makes it impossible for people to own and appreciate it at will. Because people always admire when they appreciate it, the appreciator keeps an insurmountable distance from the work.

　　The essence of Putian’s intangible heritage is also reflected in its "human value". The core of Putian’s non-genetic inheritance lies in the inheritors. The most important feature of Putian’s non-genetic inheritance is that it does not break away from a nation’s specific way of life and production, but vividly reflects their personality and aesthetic habits. Non-genetic inheritors are important carriers and disseminators of intangible cultural heritage. They master and transmit the knowledge and skills of intangible cultural heritage, which enables intangible cultural heritage to develop and innovate from generation to generation. Heirs teach handicraft skills, and their value as human beings is the same at all times.

Putian’s intangible heritage of keeping integrity and innovation

　　First, embrace the world. Under the background of "internet plus", breaking geographical restrictions, expanding the "cultural circle" of non-genetic broadcasting and shaping their own image in global cultural exchanges have become the external driving force for the inheritance and development of traditional culture. For example, Mazu culture, which we are widely familiar with, has broken the geographical and time-space restrictions, truly entered the depths of people’s memory, and realized the activation, inheritance and development through modern media means. Guided by localized care, global vision and collaborative spirit, through the integrated communication of multi-subjects in the all-media context, it breaks the dilemma of territoriality principle in the transformation of intangible resources while maintaining its locality, integrity and vitality, making non-genetic inheritance present a unique form of expression and communication.

　　Second, we must embrace technology. There is a complicated relationship of unity of opposites between traditional skills and modern science and technology. The combination of intangible heritage and science and technology is the basic law of intangible heritage development. In the process of inheritance from generation to generation, intangible cultural heritage will consciously or unconsciously absorb and integrate scientific and technological achievements of different eras, thus making itself show distinctive characteristics of the times. For example, the development of traditional skills from pure manual to semi-mechanical and semi-manual is inseparable from the development of mechanical science. As a cultural product, intangible cultural heritage not only needs to integrate modern science and technology to improve product quality and reduce production cost in the process of R&D and production, but also needs to make full use of modern scientific and technological means to improve supply efficiency in its supply process.

　　Third, we must embrace the youth. Young people are the most dynamic and creative group in non-genetic inheritance. Under the Internet environment, with the empowerment and blessing of multiple modes, the development channels of intangible cultural heritage are getting wider and wider. In addition to traditional scenic spots, schools, communities, etc., intangible cultural heritage projects are gradually merging with the preferences of this group of young people who have grown up and developed together with new media. At the same time, the younger generation has become an important force in the promotion of non-genetic broadcasting. More and more young people have joined the ranks of non-genetic inheritance, and through cross-border, cross-industry and cross-domain resource integration, they have promoted the important path of the transformation of intangible heritage from static to dynamic, inheritance to innovation, bringing contemporary expression to ancient intangible heritage.

Wenchuang empowers Putian’s intangible heritage.

　　Wenchuang products are diversified expressions of the connotation of intangible cultural heritage and an important medium for the external communication of local intangible cultural heritage. There are many intangible cultural heritage projects in Putian, and each intangible cultural heritage project has its own unique cultural connotation. The exhibition of intangible cultural heritage projects is short-lived for the audience. The cultural and creative products that incorporate intangible cultural elements make up for the shortcomings of intangible cultural heritage projects in terms of practicality, aesthetics and culture, and can continuously dig deep into the connotation of Putian intangible cultural heritage and bring forth new ideas to attract consumers’ attention to Putian intangible cultural heritage. Through cultural and creative products, Putian’s intangible cultural resources can continuously improve their value in inheritance.

　　The uniqueness of Putian’s intangible cultural heritage is an important guarantee for Putian’s intangible cultural heritage. The cultural and creative products designed on the basis of Putian’s intangible cultural elements must take the unique cultural elements of Putian as the core and realize the symbiosis of intangible cultural heritage and cultural and creative products by means of the exquisite skills of intangible inheritors, which is of great significance to Putian’s intangible cultural heritage and the development and design of cultural and creative products.

　　The integration of intangible cultural heritage into cultural and creative products is the integration of Putian traditional culture, traditional skills and modern technology, which can form a new industrial format. Putian’s intangible cultural heritage is widely distributed. Taking Wenchuang as an opportunity, characteristic cultural towns and intangible cultural heritage museums can be clustered, so as to broaden the scope of tourism and realize the goal of global tourism. Due to the empowerment of cultural and creative products, the ways of consumption have been expanded, the consumption of cultural tourism has been promoted, and the quality and service of cultural tourism have been further improved, thus promoting rural revitalization.

　　As an important carrier of Chinese excellent traditional culture, intangible cultural heritage has far-reaching significance for promoting cultural identity and cultural self-confidence. With the change of the times, the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage will also change. Only by adapting to the country’s new development strategy, actively integrating into the new trend of economic and social development, and by industrializing intangible cultural heritage and improving its self-hematopoietic ability, intangible cultural heritage can be well protected and passed on.

　　(This article is the phased achievement of Fujian Social Science Fund Project "Research on the Development of Fujian’ Fu’ Cultural Industry")

thoughts after watching

The Charm of Hometown Putian’s Intangible Heritage

Xiamen university history department Zheng Li

Mazu banquet Meizhou female Xiang Li photo

　　On April 22, 2023, CCTV 1 broadcasted "China in the Intangible Heritage (Fujian)", which made the intangible culture of Putian in my hometown enter the global vision. As an immortal, I was deeply enlightened while watching.

　　The exhibition of Putian’s intangible cultural heritage projects focuses on the exquisite woodcarving art and Puxian Opera, which is known as the "living fossil of South Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties". At the same time, it is interspersed with the performances of Mazu’s belief in customs, nine carp lantern dance, red troupe production and South Shaolin Wushu, and records the intangible cultural heritage projects in the form of video, so that the audience can be immersed in the scene and enter the "historical scene". This is the unique effect and charm of contemporary media.

　　Today, with the rapid development of modernization and urbanization, many historical and cultural heritages of traditional villages in China are gradually disappearing, and cultural inheritance is facing the crisis of interruption. However, the folk cultural activities in urban and rural areas of Putian are still colorful, which can be said to be "one case in one township" and "one product in one village". Most of the national and provincial non-legacy projects in Puxian area are traditional crafts and festivals, especially folk cultural activities such as temple celebrations and opera performances. These folk cultures are rooted in the daily life of ordinary people, bearing the historical memory handed down from generation to generation, reflecting the vitality and vigor of the local society, showing the modern development mode of "rooted in the local" and embodying the historical experience and survival wisdom of the civil society. Just as Professor Wu Chongqing, a scholar from Puji, said, relying on the local social network, it expanded outward in the form of "fellow countrymen and peers", which reflected the opposite movement of "rural hollowing out", which is a unique cultural model and economic form in the southeast coastal areas of China. We feel and understand the intangible heritage, that is, we should learn to understand China traditional society from the standpoint of the people, and learn to understand historical China and contemporary China from the inheritance mechanism of local culture.

　　Putian is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese, and many villagers are scattered all over the world. However, in their living world, there is no clear boundary between their hometown and other places, and the social and cultural traditions of their hometown have always been their spiritual sustenance and identification. I have studied overseas "Xinghua people" and found that although they are in a foreign country, they still like to speak Xinghua dialect, watch Puxian opera, worship the gods and ancestors of their hometown, and even go back to their hometown regularly to participate in folk cultural activities such as visiting gods, worshipping ancestors, crossing over and doing autumn. This transnational network with local culture as the link provides a bridge to the world for Putian hometown of overseas Chinese.

　　The intangible heritage of my hometown Putian is not only a cultural heritage, but also a living local tradition, which deserves our persistence and care from generation to generation.